Following the anti-Semitic frenzy of the Viennese Hitler horde in 1938, and the Slovak Nazi terror, the Orthodox community of Bratislava commissioned Aron Grünhut and Ludwig Kastner to organize illegal escape to Palestine. The Slovak authorities did not interfere with this.
According to their plans, they would have gotten as far as Russe in Bulgaria on the Danube’s international waters, and from there by train to Varna on the Black Sea, and then further on to Palestine on a maritime ship.
Just at this time, however, as a consequence of the Arab protests, the British Empire drastically restricted Jewish immigration in its Palestine Mandate. The refugees in Budapest and in Bratislava embarked in July1939 with luggage of 50 kg onto the Danube steamers, the Queen Elizabeth and Czar Dushan. It was World War Two, and in the shadow of the persecution of the Jews, the journey of the illegal crews was several times made uncertain by the violent remonstrance of the Brits in Sofia and Bucharest. Finally, the refugees were able to transfer to the maritime ship, the Noemi Julia, in Sulina on the Black Sea, and at the end of September, after 83 days, they arrived to Haifa.
In the course of the war, on the illegal path of the Danube, all together seventy-six thousand Jews escaped from the mass extermination.